Inaction over retractions of identified fraudulent publications: ongoing weakness in the system of scientific self-correction

Published articles may be retracted when their findings are no longer considered reliable due to honest error, publication misconduct, or research misconduct. This article focuses on the case of a single serial violator of research and publication ethics in anesthesiology and critical care, which is widely publicized. A chain of events led to detection of misconduct that had substantial impact on the evidence base for the safety of hydroxyethyl starch, an intravenous artificial colloid solution, which is reflected in current guidelines on fluid management and volume resuscitation. As citations to retracted works continue to be a cause for concern, this article reviews the retraction status of this author’s published articles to determine whether sufficient action has been taken to retract his body of work. Results show that retraction practices are not uniform and that guidelines for retraction are still not being fully implemented, resulting in retractions of insufficient quantity and quality. As retractions continue to emerge for the author’s publications, with ten more since 2011, and as they are generally increasing, these data on retractions not only provide findings of misconduct, but also allow us to make inferences about ongoing weaknesses in the system of scientific literature.     

多拉格朗日乘子情形下影子价格的判别和计算

非线性优化模型中经常出现多重Lagrange乘子现象，导致决策者错误地计算资源的影子价格.本文针对该问题指出最小欧几里得范数的Lagrange乘子是影子价格.同时，还提出了一个无约束优化模型用以求解最小欧几里得范数 Lagrange乘子，该无约束优化模型可以通过经典的非光滑优化算法求解.最后，本文提出一个基于次梯度的算法求解影子价格，该算法是次线性收敛的，且计算时间与约束条件的个数及自变量的个数线性相关.     

Acceptance of automation manufacturing technology in China: an examination of perceived norm and organizational efficacy

Abstract

With a shift to more automation technology, social acceptance of technology plays an important role in the manufacturing sector. To what extent this occurs, and affects the adoption of technology, has been less researched, but is important in deciding how such technology is introduced, and the nature of the shift from labour-intensive manufacturing to automation. This research applies the revised technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine the impact of social and individual antecedents on the acceptance of automation manufacturing technology. Survey data are collected from 258 Chinese manufacturers. Results suggest that perceived norms significantly affect organizational intention to use automation manufacturing technology both directly and via perceived usefulness; organizational efficacy explains the intention to use via mediating effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This research is one of the first extending and applying TAM from individuals to organizations.     

福柯的生命政治与生命概念辨析

“生命政治”是福柯最复杂的概念之一，涉及福柯的权力分析及其后期的一系列主题。通过辨析福柯的生命政治、生命权力概念，并借助对福柯的“生命”概念在规范和审美两个维度上的延伸讨论，发现对于福柯而言，与康吉莱姆的“否定性生命价值”相对应，生命政治的核心仍然是在生命的肯定性层面，自由、反抗或者新的主体性的生成，均与这一肯定性的生命政治理解密切相关。     

Best Practice to Order Authors in Multi/Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Publications

Misunderstanding and disputes about authorship are commonplace among members of multi/interdisciplinary health research teams. If left unmanaged and unresolved, these conflicts can undermine knowledge sharing and collaboration, obscure accountability for research, and contribute to the incorrect attribution of credit. To mitigate these issues, certain researchers suggest quantitative authorship distributions schemes (e.g., point systems), while others wish to replace or minimize the importance of authorship by using “contributorship”—a system based on authors’ self-reporting contributions. While both methods have advantages, we argue that authorship and contributorship will most likely continue to coexist for multiple ethical and practical reasons. In this article, we develop a five-step “best practice” that incorporates the distribution of both contributorship and authorship for multi/interdisciplinary research. This procedure involves continuous dialogue and the use of a detailed contributorship taxonomy ending with a declaration explaining contributorship, which is used to justify authorship order. Institutions can introduce this approach in responsible conduct of research training as it promotes greater fairness, trust, and collegiality among team members and ultimately reduces confusion and facilitates resolution of time-consuming disagreements.     

Letter to the Editor: Respecting the Plurality of Value and the Messiness of Scientific Practice

Evaluations of authorship and recommendations for authorship policies best heed the plurality of valuation cultures that traverse scientific practices and respect the messiness of scientific practices, for those are reflected in authorship and authorship sequence decisions.     

Minimum variance unbiased estimation of stress–strength reliability under bivariate normal and its comparisons

In many industrial and natural phenomena, we need the probability that a component is smaller than the other component. Under a stress–strength model, this is reliability of an item. Under independent setup, there are different approaches for the estimation of such reliability. Here, estimation is considered under the dependent case. Under bi-variate setup uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator is obtained. Also comparison with available estimator based on Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) is done through Mean Square Error (MSE) and bias. Also these are compared by computing L₁ distance between their distribution functions. From this idea and numerical computations, UMVUE appears to be good.     

书院的藏书、刻书活动与地方文化事业的发展

书院的藏书、刻书活动是地方文化事业的组成部分,书院藏书、刻书事业的发展,增加了该地区文化的总量,表征着地方文化的发展.书院藏书活动有别于其他类型的藏书活动,不仅服务于书院师生,还面向当地不同阶层的民众.书院刻书在满足自身教学、研究之需外,还刊刻地方文献,致力于地方文化的保存与发展.     

试论互惠利他性德育的核心理念

国内外德育方法已普遍从灌输道德知识为主发展到多种德育方式并重,力求让道德通过一种非强制性力量使人们倾向于选择善行。互惠利他性德育从思维和操作层面提供了具有一定价值的道德实现路径,指出互惠利他性是人们心底的契约,只有善行才会使自己无拘束的生存发展,才能从根本上维护自己的既得和应得利益;互惠利他性是人对道德知行转化的精神体认,并为知行转化提供价值根据,促使道德行为由他律模式转为自律模式。